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2-Methylpropene
Isobutylene (or 2-methylpropene) is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula (CH3)2C=CH2. It is a four-carbon branched alkene (olefin), one of the four isomers of butylene is gas at room temperature and pressure.
Isobutylene can be liquefied by lowering the temperature or raising the pressure on it, in a manner similar to pressurized butane. This gas is colorless, but do has distinct odor, and is highly flammable. Although not naturally present in petroleum in high percentages, it can be produced from petrochemicals or by catalytic cracking of petroleum. Although it is a stable compound, the carbon-carbon double bonds make it more reactive than similar alkanes, which are more inert compounds in various ways.
Isobutylene is used in the production of a variety of products. It is alkylated with butane to produce isooctane or dimerized to diisobutylene (DIB) and then hydrogenated to make isooctane, a fuel additive.
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Isobutylene is also used in the production of methacrolein. Polymerization of isobutylene produces butyl rubber (polyisobutylene or PIB). Antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) are produced by Friedel-Crafts alkylation of phenols with isobutylene. Tert-Butylamine is produced commercially by amination of isobutylene using zeolite catalysts
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